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Praetorian Building : ウィキペディア英語版
Praetorian Building

The Praetorian Building, also known as Stone Place Tower, was a 15-story, high-rise constructed in 1909 at Main Street and Stone Street in the Main Street District of downtown Dallas, Texas. It was regarded the first skyscraper in Texas and the first skyscraper in the Southwestern United States. Some consider it the first skyscraper in the entire Western United States, depending on the definition of "the West", as this title could also go to the 1885 Lumber Exchange Building in Minneapolis, Minnesota).〔
The Praetorian Building remained the tallest building in the city only until 1912.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dallas' First Skyscraper )〕 It was 190 feet (58 meters) tall with 15 floors of office space.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Tallest Buildings in Dallas )〕 Plans for its redevelopment were eventually disbanded and the building's deconstruction was completed in the summer of 2013.
== History ==
The Praetorian Tower was conceived as the national headquarters of the Praetorian Order, a fraternal insurance company based in Dallas.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Praetorian Building )〕〔"New Praetorian Building." ''The Dallas Morning News''. May 23, 1905.〕 The mostly empty plot of land at Main Street and Stone Street had previously hosted the circus, medicine shows and college football events. In 1905 the Order announced a six story, fireproof building capable of expanding eight additional floors. Months later, plans were changed to construction a 15 story building—the first skyscraper in Dallas.〔"First Skyscraper Had Its Skeptics." ''The Dallas Morning News''. August 27, 1948.〕 Construction began in late 1905 and after several delays the frame of the $800,000 building was complete in 1907 and it finally opened to visitors on February 28, 1909.〔"Frames Are In Place." ''The Dallas Morning News''. March 31, 1907.〕〔"Praetorian Building Opens to Visitors." ''The Dallas Morning News''. February 28, 1909.〕 Designed by C.W. Bulger & Son, its unique neoclassical exterior was fitted with gray granite pillars, gold ornamentation, and terra cotta columns on a brick and steel structural frame, while the interior was finished with African mahogany, tile and marble.〔 The building was heated by steam, featured three modern elevators of the time and contained 2 artesian wells. Each office featured electricity, telegraph and telephone connections and hot and cold running water. A rooftop observatory provided views over the growing city and up to over rural landscape.〔"New Home of the Praetorians." ''The Dallas Morning News''. October 10, 1909.〕
The building remained a center of business activity even as taller skyscrapers opened in following years. The building was air conditioned in 1948.〔"Praetorian Building to Be Air-Conditioned." ''The Dallas Morning News''. May 9, 1948.〕 The Order also requested that Stone Street, named after a Dallas Civil War hero, be changed to Praetorian Lane; this was denied by the City in 1952.〔"Change in Name of Stone Street Advised Against." ''The Dallas Morning News''. January 24, 1952.〕 The Praetorian Order transformed into the Praetorian Mutual Life Insurance Company and in 1958 announced an adjacent 15 story addition and $1.5 million face-lift for the 50 years old structure.〔"Praetorian Addition Set." ''The Dallas Morning News''. October 10, 1958.〕 Months later, what had been planned as a general modernization changed to a complete overhaul of the building. The width of the building along Main Street was doubled with the addition, increasing the building tract to . The historic exterior was stripped down to the steel frame and replaced with a brightly colored "Praetorian Yellow" porcelain steel exterior. The new building, opened in 1961, was designed by Grayson Gill, Inc. and contained of office space.〔"Structure to Utilize Old Frame." ''The Dallas Morning News''. March 29, 1959.〕
Tandy Corp. occupied the building's basement and first two levels with the 21-department "Tandy Craft & Hobby Mart" in the 1960s, but success of the new building was short-lived.〔"Tandy Opens 'Supermart' for Hobbyist." ''The Dallas Morning News''. November 23, 1962.〕 The building was sold to off-shore investors in 1970, and Praetorian Mutual Life vacated the building in 1987 for a new location in Las Colinas.〔"Mutual Fund Buys Praetorian Building in Central Dallas." ''The Dallas Morning News''. August 1, 1970.〕〔"Praetorian Mutual Life Moving To Irving." ''The Dallas Morning News'' 21 May. 1987, HOME FINAL, BUSINESS: 4D. NewsBank. Web. 9 Feb. 2010.〕 The yellow porcelain exterior was painted gray during a 1990s renovation by Corgan Associates. The structure changed hands over successive years and fell into foreclosure; by 1993 low occupancy forced the building to close. It became the 10th office building in a five-block stretch to close its doors during the five-year period of economic hardship for the downtown business district.〔Steve Brown. "Downtown offices hit towering loss of tenants - Many firms have moved their operations to suburbs." ''The Dallas Morning News'' 4 Jun. 1993, HOME FINAL, NEWS: 1A. NewsBank. Web. 9 Feb. 2010.〕

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